{"id":2406,"date":"2024-06-14T16:23:21","date_gmt":"2024-06-14T16:23:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www-users.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/?p=2406"},"modified":"2024-10-27T22:53:49","modified_gmt":"2024-10-27T22:53:49","slug":"research-on-information","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/2024\/research-on-information\/","title":{"rendered":"Research on Information"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>This is <strong>Project <abbr title=\"262c86ec3d3b40089ed2d2e0a408b44d99eeeda9cc564898a2412034840d1b75\">262c86ec<\/abbr><\/strong>. There is no well-formed statement of the research. At one point in the past I called this kind of thing a \u201csymbolic engine\u201d. Others appear to search for the best knowledge base design or personal computing operating system design, out of a dissatisfaction with the app and program ecosystem. To me, they are different facets of the same problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Please talk to me if you are interested; I need to connect to the discourse. Specifically, so I can answer <em>your<\/em> questions in my writing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Snippets of Reasoning<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Challenge of Integration<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-20<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The term \u201citemization\u201d is brought from Alexander Obenauer, since <a href=\"https:\/\/alexanderobenauer.com\/articles\/os\/1\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">his first manifesto of itemization<\/a>. In my previous literature this had always been considered under the notion of \u201cintegration\u201d. This is extremely difficult. Simply put, integration-capable things need to consider a million possibilities, so they are tremendously difficult to design. In fact, anyone knowledgeable would realize that such integration expects huge problems about language. When one <em>actually tries<\/em> to design it, <strong>they will surely confront the hardcore problems in philosophy of language, math, and formal systems<\/strong>\u2014the same problems programming languages have explored.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>What am I inventing then? A different line of thinking, where any formalization is post-hoc in light of a history; an information system to truly support cognition with a history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Keep a History, A LOT OF HISTORY!<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-18, 2024-06-20, 2024-06-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps it has been clear to many researchers by now: in creating this futuristic vision of information processing, we at the very least need to seize every chance in the system to record user interactions and their effects, or in other words, history. Everything input immediately becomes a part of history, and things from the history will eventually become useful as current data, because from our research we have learned to blur the line between the history and the current (or in my opinion, fundamentally, the reality and the cognized). <strong>Every uninspected step in automation is lost opportunity. Every abstraction will become an obstruction.<\/strong> Abstractions are not any more real than its raw data. This total openness to change is a unique characteristic of the information system of the future.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Presently, I hold the claim that if a system processes any information ever encountered, ever derived and could ever been cognized as they are preemptively \u201calready in the system\u201d, then such a system refers to precisely the notion of history.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Putting Everything to Scrutiny<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-13, 2024-06-16<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Thesis <abbr id=\"284a40ad539c4cf98638c50cf7bf1bc68f6520c2218a494cb6097d3c8de8f1ad\" title=\"284a40ad539c4cf98638c50cf7bf1bc68f6520c2218a494cb6097d3c8de8f1ad\">284a40ad<\/abbr>. The curse of natural language.<\/strong> Natural language is a curse because it is habitual. You almost cannot control your response to a certain piece of language you care about, although you can partially fix this by evaluating the sources and working 10 minutes on human psyche. And now thanks to generative \u201cAI\u201d, it is easier than ever for anyone to exploit your habit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Proposal <abbr title=\"51879e1b92b94e99adada564e0094bdaa961fd98764a4ba4998ad54e89ee2159\">51879e1b<\/abbr>.<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/www-users.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/2024\/uid-everything\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1159\">Assigning UIDs to everything<\/a> is an attempt to evade the curse of habitual language. It will work in both directions\u2014influx and efflux\u2014with respect to a person. It not only protects users from concepts flooding onto them, but also never presents anything they say to other people as universally qualifying. Obviously, this will have to work as a culture, although induced by an instrument.<\/p>\n\n\n<p style=\"font-family: Univers, Univers LT, Univers LT Std, -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;\">What right do I have to show you information in any typeface but Univers, in any form factor but a constrained one, bounded by a frame with meta-operations, linked to my references? I want my information to be helpful to you, not coercive, so I by default assume this completely powerless stance.<\/p>\n<p style=\"font-family: Univers, Univers LT, Univers LT Std, -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;\">In the same way as we shouldn\u2019t irreverently appropriate others\u2019 fine works for own, as we must carefully take over the values in those works. There are writings that do not deserve to be typeset in Garamond, designs that do not deserve an edge-to-edge layout. In fact, all presentations must be supplied with meta-operations, thus the reader always has the space to declare content as incomplete. Thus, these meta-operations enable the user to treat the content as history. Enabling any idea to enter history is a categorical feature of this system.<\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Agency-attached Language<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-13<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>An article expressing basic views is <a href=\"https:\/\/dooy.info\/existence.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">here<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Because language is too public and erroneous (previous curse <strong><abbr id=\"284a40ad539c4cf98638c50cf7bf1bc68f6520c2218a494cb6097d3c8de8f1ad\" title=\"284a40ad539c4cf98638c50cf7bf1bc68f6520c2218a494cb6097d3c8de8f1ad\">284a40ad<\/abbr><\/strong>), one might be motivated to explicitly declare a language private, as in <a href=\"https:\/\/www-users.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/2024\/uid-everything\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"1159\">UID Everything!<\/a> (<strong><abbr title=\"51879e1b92b94e99adada564e0094bdaa961fd98764a4ba4998ad54e89ee2159\">51879e1b<\/abbr><\/strong>) This feature produces what I call agency-attached language (<strong><abbr title=\"fbfecb8d0e0847d9a2391bc57ab03a0c4931844d32bd4f7da65df55de36dc277\">fbfecb8d<\/abbr><\/strong>), where \u201cagency\u201d means the faculty of deliberation. However, this is only effective if unauthorized speakers are unable to use the language. Therefore such UIDs must be backed by an authentication feature such as asymmetric cryptography. I am not sure how this will work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Does this sound like Web 3? The problem with the current status of Web 3 is that although data is stored decentralized, <em>language is not maintained decentralized<\/em>. Language as practiced by any user should be subjective and time-dependent, and the knowledge system must be designed to conform.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Knowledge System Architecture<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/dailynous.com\/2024\/03\/07\/department-of-defense-adopts-a-philosophers-applied-ontology\/\">Department of Defense Adopts a Philosopher\u2019s Applied Ontology<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I am not defending the advance of war technology here, but can you analytic philosophers all be a bit more practical? I present you the challenge of creating an implementable knowledge base framework meeting the following requirements, but you are welcome to debate these requirements as well:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>It always works for the user\u2019s cognition. It should be possible for things to be expressed as close to how they are conceived as possible. This is the top priority of a knowledge base. There is not necessarily tried truth to be expressed, let alone formal truth. This defines a knowledge base, rather than a programming language, up front.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It allows users to formalize those conceptions, enabling the following formal features.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can function as a database.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can be automated with good expressivity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>It can be integrated with other systems with little extra complexity.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A professor and an analyst would want to use it.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Optimization is <em>not<\/em> required. Now, what would be a philosophical argument leading to a good knowledge base architecture?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Formal systems too hard, help<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-16<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Reference to a dynamic reality is a challenge because of how complex it is. I thought it takes very expressive language to make things work, and this might need to be formalized. But do we have the right data in the first place? Obviously but hastily put, the complex system reality is more expressive than any formal system. All these complex situations requiring expressive language may all be unstable to perturbation after all\u2014the abstractions we establish are only post-hoc understandings of how they behave, <a href=\"https:\/\/t.me\/read_or_dead\/1324\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">rather than their essences<\/a>. However, if better data can be collected, then a lot of complexity can be balanced. For example, labels can be put at a lot more places than we currently are doing.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Necessity to Collect More Information<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Perhaps a great illusion in this project is that, in this futuristic vision of information processing, we will not be requiring more information\u2014mostly about their reasoning process, as well as sources\u2014from the users than what we currently are doing. Thus I have used effort in vain to reason in philosophy and formal systems. This might have been fundamentally my incapability of imagination.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, there still a worry about the proliferation of information and combinatorial explosion.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">GUI<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-04-17<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www-users.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/2024\/permissive-navigation\/\" data-type=\"post\" data-id=\"604\">Permissive Navigation<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Though, relying too much on vision might not be a sound approach about information.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Incorporating Zoom<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p>Written 2024-06-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Permissive navigation has discrete navigation <em>steps<\/em>. Not all things do well with discrete steps. For example, consider a chat session with your friend. In its miniature form, it could be your friend\u2019s name only. If you allow it to be a little bit larger, it can show one line of message preview, then perhaps a date, then perhaps an input bubble. In all these cases, the chat is a real chat, itself, in the sense of Alexander Obenauer. There is no clear way to specify at which point the user has <em>navigated to<\/em> the chat, as it is not very discrete.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is a solution: <em>Zoom and Detach<\/em>. The user will be able to zoom on an item, creating an easily dismissible bubble on top of it, to reveal more aspects of the item. The bubble can be interactive. If the user wants the full interface to persist, then they will detach the bubble, declaring that view independent.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, you can see this as a special version of map zooming. Duplicating a view is the remedy to any non-discrete navigation.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Related Projects<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">NixOS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The operating system derived from a <em>functional<\/em> package manager. This is the closest real thing to a malleable system, albeit behind-the-scenes only due to addressing only the package manager\u2014that is, the software supply chain and environment. Unlike the rest of the research, NixOS is a reality, so every malleable system researcher should better try it. Additionally, <a href=\"https:\/\/edolstra.github.io\/pubs\/nixos-jfp-final.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">read the paper.<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Plan 9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>TODO<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">EROS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EROS_(microkernel)\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/EROS_(microkernel)<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">CJDNS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-07-09<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/cjdelisle\/cjdns\">https:\/\/github.com\/cjdelisle\/cjdns<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A step from the current Internet\u2019s <em>trust-oriented<\/em> routing infrastructure, CJDNS uses asymmetric cryptography and a distributed hash table to derive IPv6 addresses. Sounds like a lot of agency.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Joel Jakubovic<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-28<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22024\/UniKent\/01.02.105537\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.22024\/UniKent\/01.02.105537<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ink &amp; Switch<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.inkandswitch.com\">https:\/\/www.inkandswitch.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Most projects are pertinent, especially <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inkandswitch.com\/cambria\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Cambria<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inkandswitch.com\/end-user-programming\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">End-user Programming<\/a> and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inkandswitch.com\/newsletter\/dispatch-003\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Alexander Obenauer<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alexander Obenauer<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-18<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/alexanderobenauer.com\">https:\/\/alexanderobenauer.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/alexanderobenauer.com\/ollos\">OLLOS<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/alexobenauer\/Wonder\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">WonderOS\/Workbench<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.inkandswitch.com\/embark\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Embark<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Obenauer uses the phrase \u201citemized OS\u201d for his vision, featuring \u201cuniversal data portability\u201d. His <a href=\"https:\/\/alexanderobenauer.com\/labnotes\/000\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">lab notes<\/a> are all important. The first few concrete designs were inspiring, but the later ones slipped to be somewhat ad hoc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Orion Reed<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A very comprehensive researcher. \u201csystem interaction, knowledge representation, cybernetics\/self-organisation, programming systems, [\u2026] abolishing apps, objects are reference(s), PLs should be views\/lenses, digital language is privatised.\u201d (<a href=\"https:\/\/hci.social\/@orion\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Here<\/a>)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.orionreed.com\">https:\/\/www.orionreed.com<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Liberatory Computing<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.libcomp.org\/library\">https:\/\/www.libcomp.org\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This project includes a very good research library with more than 60 works. Surprisingly, I have attended an in-person conference presentation on one of these works.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Malleable Systems Collective<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-22<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/malleable.systems\">https:\/\/malleable.systems<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Well as the project name indicates.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/forum.malleable.systems\/t\/taking-alan-kays-vision-to-the-extreme\/200\">https:\/\/forum.malleable.systems\/t\/taking-alan-kays-vision-to-the-extreme\/200<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">HASH<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-06-14<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A very commercial project for organizational knowledge. Supports types, simulations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hash.ai\/blog\/self-building-database\">https:\/\/hash.ai\/blog\/self-building-database<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/hash.dev\/blog\/structured-data-value\">https:\/\/hash.dev\/blog\/structured-data-value<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Key concept: Distributed schemas. But this might not be the distributed language I wrote about. Not much new GUI.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I have successfully run their test server. Contact me if you have trouble doing the same.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mercury OS<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2022<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.mercuryos.com\/\">Mercury OS<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>First (2018) system-wide implementation (that I know) of something resembling permissive navigation, but not malleable.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Laevo<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Acquainted 2024-07-12<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-wp-embed is-provider-whatheco-de wp-block-embed-whatheco-de\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-embedded-content\" data-secret=\"hCk5kds41p\"><a href=\"https:\/\/whatheco.de\/laevo\/\">Laevo<\/a><\/blockquote><iframe loading=\"lazy\" class=\"wp-embedded-content\" sandbox=\"allow-scripts\" security=\"restricted\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden;\" title=\"&#8220;Laevo&#8221; &#8212; whatheco.de\" src=\"https:\/\/whatheco.de\/laevo\/embed\/#?secret=PsvPGFHzQs#?secret=hCk5kds41p\" data-secret=\"hCk5kds41p\" width=\"500\" height=\"282\" frameborder=\"0\" marginwidth=\"0\" marginheight=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Xanadu<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>A reminder that information systems should not imitate paper. Any digital system should strive for better expressivity. <a href=\"https:\/\/xanadu.net\">https:\/\/xanadu.net<\/a> Demo: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1yLNGUeHapA\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=1yLNGUeHapA<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">That Conway Paper<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>How information systems heavily reflect organizational structure. <a href=\"https:\/\/melconway.com\/Home\/Committees_Paper.html\">Conway, How Do Committees Invent?<\/a> Consider poststructuralism.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>This is Project 262c86ec. There is no well-formed statement of the research. At one point in the past I called this kind of thing a \u201csymbolic engine\u201d. Others appear to search for the best knowledge base design or personal computing operating system design, out of a dissatisfaction with the app and program ecosystem. To me, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[13],"class_list":["post-2406","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-always-updated"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2406"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2406\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2406"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2406"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.tebibyte.io\/~yihanwu1024\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}